Make the blueberry compote: combine the blueberries, brown sugar, maple syrup, lemon juice, and cinnamon in a small saucepan and bring to a boil over medium heat.
Reduce heat and simmer the compote for about 5 minutes until slightly thickened; keep warm while you make the pancakes.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
In a medium bowl, whisk the egg with the melted butter and buttermilk until combined.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir gently until just combined; the batter should be thickâadd a splash more buttermilk if it seems too stiff.
Heat a large nonstick griddle or skillet over medium heat and lightly coat with vegetable oil.
Scoop about 1/4 to 1/3 cup batter per pancake onto the hot pan (use about 1/2 teaspoon oil per pancake), spacing them apart.
Cook until bubbles form on the surface and the edges look set, then flip and cook until the pancakes are cooked through and no longer gooey in the center.
Keep pancakes warm if desired and serve topped with the warm blueberry compote.