In a medium bowl, whisk together peanut butter, soy sauce, rice vinegar, brown sugar, chili garlic sauce, lime juice, garlic, and grated ginger until smooth.
Thin the sauce with 2 to 4 tablespoons warm water until it reaches a pourable but thick consistency; set aside.
Cook the ramen noodles according to package directions, omitting the seasoning packets; reserve 1/4 cup of the cooking water before draining.
If the noodles finish early, toss them with a little oil to prevent sticking.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Add the diced red bell pepper and cook 3–4 minutes, stirring occasionally, until softened and starting to brown.
Add the diced cooked turkey and cook about 1 minute just to warm through.
Add the drained noodles and the peanut sauce to the skillet; toss or use tongs to combine and coat everything evenly.
If the sauce is too thick, stir in reserved pasta water a tablespoon at a time until desired consistency is reached.
Serve topped with chopped peanuts and chopped cilantro, if using.