Place the chicken cutlets in a large resealable bag; add the buttermilk, 2 teaspoons salt, and 2 teaspoons pepper. Seal, shake to coat, and let marinate at room temperature for 1 hour.
Pour enough vegetable oil into a large skillet to come about halfway up a cutlet and heat over medium-high until shimmering but not smoking.
In a large bowl, whisk together 2 cups flour, 2 teaspoons paprika, 2 teaspoons garlic powder, 1 teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon pepper, and 1 teaspoon cayenne.
In a separate bowl, beat the 2 eggs until smooth.
Remove one cutlet from the marinade, letting excess drip off. Dredge it thoroughly in the seasoned flour, then dip into the beaten eggs, and return to the flour for a final, generous coating.
Using tongs, carefully place the breaded cutlet into the hot oil and fry until golden and cooked through, about 5–7 minutes per side. Adjust heat as needed to avoid burning.
Transfer cooked cutlets to a paper towel–lined plate and keep warm while you fry the remaining cutlets, repeating the breading and frying steps.
To make the gravy, melt 1/2 cup butter in a saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in 1/2 cup flour to form a roux and cook 1–2 minutes until bubbly.
Slowly whisk in 2 cups chicken broth until smooth. Season with salt and pepper to taste and cook until the gravy reaches your desired thickness.
Serve the fried chicken cutlets topped or smothered with the gravy.