Preheat the oven to 350ºF (180ºC) and line two 12-cup muffin pans with cupcake liners.
In a medium bowl whisk the Dutch-process cocoa powder with the very hot coffee until a thick, smooth paste forms.
In a separate bowl stir together the buttermilk, vegetable oil, 1 teaspoon vanilla, 1 large egg, 1 large egg yolk, and 1/2 teaspoon salt.
Gradually stir the buttermilk mixture into the cocoa paste until smooth.
Sift together the flour, 1 3/4 cups sugar, baking powder, and baking soda, then gently fold the dry ingredients into the cocoa batter until just combined.
Portion the batter into the prepared liners so each is about two-thirds full, then bake for 20–25 minutes until the centers spring back. Cool completely on a wire rack.
For the peanut butter buttercream, combine 1 cup water, 2 cups sugar, 2 tablespoons light corn syrup, and 1/4 teaspoon cream of tartar in a heavy nonreactive saucepan and attach a candy thermometer.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the whip, beat 5 egg yolks and 1 whole egg on high until thick and ribbon-like.
Heat the sugar mixture to 235ºF (113ºC). When it reaches temperature, with the mixer running on medium-high, add 1/8 teaspoon xanthan gum, then slowly pour the hot syrup down the side of the bowl into the eggs in a steady stream.
Increase the mixer to high and whip until the outside of the bowl feels cool to the touch. Replace the whip with the paddle.
With the mixer on medium-high, add the cold butter cut into small slivers a few pieces at a time, mixing until fully incorporated and smooth; if it appears separated, continue adding butter until it comes together.
Switch to low speed and add 3/4 cup natural peanut butter, 1 teaspoon kosher or sea salt, and 1/2 teaspoon vanilla; taste and add more peanut butter by tablespoonfuls if desired.
Chill the filled or piped cupcakes for about 20 minutes to set the buttercream before adding toppings.
Pulse the roasted peanuts and broken pretzel pieces briefly in a food processor, or crush in a zip-top bag with a rolling pin, leaving some larger pieces for texture.
Press the peanut-pretzel mixture onto the tops of the chilled frosted cupcakes so it adheres; if needed let frostings warm slightly at room temperature to help the mixture stick.
To make the ganache, warm 1/4 cup heavy cream in a small saucepan until almost boiling, remove from heat, add 2 ounces chopped chocolate, let sit 2 minutes, then stir until smooth. Thin with a little more cream if necessary.
Use a teaspoon to drizzle the ganache over the cupcakes and finish with a small pinch of kosher or sea salt if desired.