Preheat the oven to 350°F (177°C). Grease a 9x5-inch loaf pan or coat it with nonstick spray.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt; set aside.
In a large bowl, use an electric mixer to beat the softened butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy, about 2–3 minutes.
Add the eggs one at a time to the butter mixture, beating well after each addition, then mix in the vanilla extract.
With the mixer on low, add half of the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients and stir until just combined. Add half of the buttermilk and stir until just combined.
Repeat by adding the remaining dry ingredients, then the remaining buttermilk, mixing gently and stopping as soon as the batter is combined; do not overmix.
Fold in the chocolate chips by hand until evenly distributed.
Spoon the batter into the prepared loaf pan and smooth the top.
Bake in the preheated oven for 45–50 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out almost clean.
Remove the loaf from the oven and cool in the pan briefly, then transfer to a wire rack to cool before slicing.